Q24.  Article 244 of the Indian Constitution relates to the Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyze the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of the fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Article 244 of the Indian Constitution deals with the administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas, aiming to protect the rights of tribal populations through the Fifth Schedule (for Scheduled Areas) and the Sixth Schedule (for tribal areas). The non-implementation of these provisions has led to various socio-economic issues, contributing to the rise of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) in tribal regions.

Body

Impact of Non-Implementation of Fifth Schedule Provisions on Left-Wing Extremism

• Land Alienation: Failure to enforce regulations preventing non-tribals from acquiring tribal land has led to widespread land dispossession, causing resentment among tribal communities.
• Exploitation of Resources: Tribal areas, rich in natural resources, have been exploited by external corporate interests, often without adequate compensation or benefits for the local population, leading to economic discontent.
• Weak Governance: Insufficient implementation of tribal autonomy and local governance mechanisms has resulted in ineffective administration and increased alienation, which extremist groups exploit.
• Marginalization and Inequality: Lack of access to basic services, education, and healthcare have increased tribal marginalization, creating fertile ground for extremist ideologies.
• Failure of PESA Act (Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas): The non-implementation of this act has limited the political empowerment of tribal communities, hindering their participation in governance and fueling discontent.

Conclusion

‍The non-implementation of the provisions of the Fifth Schedule has deepened the socio-economic divide in tribal regions, providing fertile ground for the growth of Left Wing Extremism. Effective implementation of these provisions could mitigate grievances, reduce alienation, and curb the spread of extremism.

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