Q19. What are the consequences of illegal mining? Discuss the Ministry of Environment and Forests’ concept of “GO AND NO GO” zones for coal mining.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Illegal mining has severe environmental, economic, and social consequences, often resulting in resource loss and ecological degradation. To regulate mining activities, the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) introduced the “Go and No-Go” zoning concept, especially for coal mining, to protect sensitive forest areas.

Body

Consequences of Illegal Mining

• Environmental Degradation: Causes deforestation, soil erosion, and water contamination, disrupting ecosystems.
• Loss of Revenue: The government loses potential revenue due to unauthorized extraction.
• Health Hazards: Air and water pollution from mining affects nearby communities, leading to respiratory and waterborne diseases.
• Increased Crime and Exploitation: Often associated with unsafe labor practices and exploitation of local workers.

“Go and No-Go” Zones Concept

• Go Zones: Areas where coal mining is permissible, generally with lower ecological sensitivity.
• No-Go Zones: High ecological value areas with dense forests and biodiversity, where mining is restricted to prevent environmental harm.
• Objective: Balances energy needs with ecological protection, ensuring that critical forest ecosystems are preserved.

Conclusion

‍Illegal mining damages the environment and communities, necessitating strong regulations like the “Go and No-Go” zones. This concept by MoEFCC helps balance sustainable development with environmental preservation, safeguarding India’s natural resources.

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