UPSC Current Affairs 9 December 2025

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Governance GS 1: Post-Independence India GS2: Indian Constitutional Evolution, Features, Amendments, Basic Structure Doctrine GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors

Democracy’s paradox, the chosen people of the state, Pg8

Debate resurfaces over citizenship determination powers between ECI and Home Ministry amid legal challenges to electoral roll revisions.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Governance GS 1: Post-Independence India GS2: Indian Constitutional Evolution, Features, Amendments, Basic Structure Doctrine GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors

Democracy’s paradox, the chosen people of the state, Pg8

Debate resurfaces over citizenship determination powers between ECI and Home Ministry amid legal challenges to electoral roll revisions.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

The real story of the India-Russia summit, Pg8

India-Russia summit strengthens ties amidst Ukraine war, focusing on trade, energy, and geopolitical alignment, signalling confidence in bilateral relations.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

The real story of the India-Russia summit, Pg8

India-Russia summit strengthens ties amidst Ukraine war, focusing on trade, energy, and geopolitical alignment, signalling confidence in bilateral relations.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS1: Art Forms GS2: India and its Neighbourhood Relations GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements

A new step in the dragon-elephant tango, Pg9

China proposes enhanced cooperation with India through trade, industry, and cultural exchange under its 15th Five-Year Plan.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS1: Art Forms GS2: India and its Neighbourhood Relations GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements

A new step in the dragon-elephant tango, Pg9

China proposes enhanced cooperation with India through trade, industry, and cultural exchange under its 15th Five-Year Plan.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: Science & Technology GS1: Women and Women's Organizations GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues GS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian Society GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life

AI could widen the inequalities in Asia Pacific, Pg9

UN report warns AI adoption in Asia-Pacific may exacerbate inequalities due to varying preparedness and infrastructure gaps.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: Science & Technology GS1: Women and Women's Organizations GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues GS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian Society GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life

AI could widen the inequalities in Asia Pacific, Pg9

UN report warns AI adoption in Asia-Pacific may exacerbate inequalities due to varying preparedness and infrastructure gaps.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticeEthicsGS2: Health Sector GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Biotechnology

How can India benefit from neurotechnology?, Pg10

Neurotechnology offers India opportunities in healthcare and economic growth, demanding ethical guidelines and tailored regulations for responsible development and adoption.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticeEthicsGS2: Health Sector GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Biotechnology

How can India benefit from neurotechnology?, Pg10

Neurotechnology offers India opportunities in healthcare and economic growth, demanding ethical guidelines and tailored regulations for responsible development and adoption.

GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS1: Urbanization, Problems and Remedies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: E Governance

What is the India Post’s DHRUVA framework?, Pg10

India Post proposes DHRUVA framework for standardized digital addresses, enhancing service delivery and user experience through consent-based data sharing.

GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS1: Urbanization, Problems and Remedies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: E Governance

What is the India Post’s DHRUVA framework?, Pg10

India Post proposes DHRUVA framework for standardized digital addresses, enhancing service delivery and user experience through consent-based data sharing.

GS 3: Economy GS 1: Indian Society GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues

Share of population that faced income inequality in 2023, Pg10

Income inequality affected 50% of population in 2023; one-fourth faced sharp income and inequality rise since 1990.

GS 3: Economy GS 1: Indian Society GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues

Share of population that faced income inequality in 2023, Pg10

Income inequality affected 50% of population in 2023; one-fourth faced sharp income and inequality rise since 1990.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and Secularism GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Education Sector

Bias against OBCs must be counted as caste discrimination, panel urges UGC, Pg13

Parliamentary panel urges UGC to include OBC discrimination in caste bias definition and re-evaluate EWS quota for faculty appointments.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and Secularism GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Education Sector

Bias against OBCs must be counted as caste discrimination, panel urges UGC, Pg13

Parliamentary panel urges UGC to include OBC discrimination in caste bias definition and re-evaluate EWS quota for faculty appointments.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS2: Education Sector GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements

Australia’s New South Wales varsity to open campus in Bengaluru, Pg14

Australian University, UNSW, to establish Bengaluru campus, fostering India-Australia education ties and research collaboration in AI, space, and cybersecurity.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS2: Education Sector GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements

Australia’s New South Wales varsity to open campus in Bengaluru, Pg14

Australian University, UNSW, to establish Bengaluru campus, fostering India-Australia education ties and research collaboration in AI, space, and cybersecurity.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: E Technology in Aid of Farmers GS3: Space Technology GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

‘Fire count gives a skewed picture of stubble burning’, Pg14

Satellite data discrepancies reveal 'fire count' inaccuracies in assessing stubble burning's true extent, challenging government claims of decline.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: E Technology in Aid of Farmers GS3: Space Technology GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

‘Fire count gives a skewed picture of stubble burning’, Pg14

Satellite data discrepancies reveal 'fire count' inaccuracies in assessing stubble burning's true extent, challenging government claims of decline.

GS 2: International Relations GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests

Zelenskyy meets European partners, seeks convergence with U.S. on truce, Pg16

Zelenskyy seeks European alignment with U.S. truce proposal amidst skepticism over Trump's Russia-Ukraine peace plan details.

GS 2: International Relations GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests

Zelenskyy meets European partners, seeks convergence with U.S. on truce, Pg16

Zelenskyy seeks European alignment with U.S. truce proposal amidst skepticism over Trump's Russia-Ukraine peace plan details.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: Environment & EcologyPrelimsGS3: Biotechnology

Fossils, genomes provide conflicting data in debate on mosquitoes’ origins, PgII

Debate intensifies over mosquito origins: conflicting fossil and genomic data challenge established timelines, impacting understanding of disease evolution.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: Environment & EcologyPrelimsGS3: Biotechnology

Fossils, genomes provide conflicting data in debate on mosquitoes’ origins, PgII

Debate intensifies over mosquito origins: conflicting fossil and genomic data challenge established timelines, impacting understanding of disease evolution.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

How new DGCA rules put human limits at centre of air safety, PgII

DGCA's new aviation safety rules prioritize human physiology, mandating longer rest periods and limiting night flights to minimize pilot fatigue.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

How new DGCA rules put human limits at centre of air safety, PgII

DGCA's new aviation safety rules prioritize human physiology, mandating longer rest periods and limiting night flights to minimize pilot fatigue.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

CAQM seeks to cut coal industrial fuel usage, Pg4

CAQM directs states to eliminate industrial coal usage in non-NCR districts, expanding pollution control efforts beyond Delhi's immediate vicinity.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

CAQM seeks to cut coal industrial fuel usage, Pg4

CAQM directs states to eliminate industrial coal usage in non-NCR districts, expanding pollution control efforts beyond Delhi's immediate vicinity.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Education Sector

Delays, paper leaks: NTA doesn't inspire confidence, says House panel, Pg6

Parliamentary panel slams NTA for lapses, delays, and paper leaks; urges reforms and utilization of surplus funds.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Education Sector

Delays, paper leaks: NTA doesn't inspire confidence, says House panel, Pg6

Parliamentary panel slams NTA for lapses, delays, and paper leaks; urges reforms and utilization of surplus funds.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Economy GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS3: Government Budgeting

National security cess: RS Opp MPs seek clarity on allocation to states, Pg7

Rajya Sabha debates National Security Cess Bill, opposition questions revenue allocation to states, citing federalism concerns and health as state subject.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Economy GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS3: Government Budgeting

National security cess: RS Opp MPs seek clarity on allocation to states, Pg7

Rajya Sabha debates National Security Cess Bill, opposition questions revenue allocation to states, citing federalism concerns and health as state subject.

GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

Submit updated constitutions in 30 days: EC to parties, Pg7

Election Commission directs recognized parties to submit updated constitutions within 30 days following Supreme Court order, ensuring transparency.

GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Parliament and State Legislatures GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

Submit updated constitutions in 30 days: EC to parties, Pg7

Election Commission directs recognized parties to submit updated constitutions within 30 days following Supreme Court order, ensuring transparency.

GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyEthicsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Education Sector GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

To fulfil STEM potential, India must cast the net wider, go to the roots, Pg10

Government's research focus on 'emerging needs' faces criticism; delayed fellowships and low stipends demotivate researchers, hindering innovation and development.

GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & TechnologyEthicsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Education Sector GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

To fulfil STEM potential, India must cast the net wider, go to the roots, Pg10

Government's research focus on 'emerging needs' faces criticism; delayed fellowships and low stipends demotivate researchers, hindering innovation and development.

GS 3: Economy GS 1: Indian Geography GS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Major Crops, Cropping Patterns and Irrigation Systems GS3: Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices

Food inflation dips but that isn't enough, Pg10

Rabi crop sowing surges, promising food inflation relief, but farm income deflation raises concerns about agricultural reforms and long-term investment.

GS 3: Economy GS 1: Indian Geography GS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Major Crops, Cropping Patterns and Irrigation Systems GS3: Farm Subsidies and Minimum Support Prices

Food inflation dips but that isn't enough, Pg10

Rabi crop sowing surges, promising food inflation relief, but farm income deflation raises concerns about agricultural reforms and long-term investment.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS 3: Internal Security GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development GS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

A defence partnership that addresses global challenges, Pg10

India and UK deepen defence ties with joint military exercises, industrial cooperation, and a 10-year Defence Industrial Roadmap.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Economy GS 3: Internal Security GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development GS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

A defence partnership that addresses global challenges, Pg10

India and UK deepen defence ties with joint military exercises, industrial cooperation, and a 10-year Defence Industrial Roadmap.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: Polity GS 2: Governance GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

In power sector, more players is the answer, not bailouts, Pg11

Power sector reforms urged: Competition, not bailouts, needed to fix discom debt crisis and inefficiency, says expert.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: Polity GS 2: Governance GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth GS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.

In power sector, more players is the answer, not bailouts, Pg11

Power sector reforms urged: Competition, not bailouts, needed to fix discom debt crisis and inefficiency, says expert.

GS 1: Indian Society GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: Economy GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Vulnerable Sections GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

In a Goa nightclub & beyond, migrants are invisible, Pg11

Migrant workers' vulnerabilities exposed by Goa nightclub fire, highlighting invisibility, informality, and institutional fragmentation, demanding urgent national-state compact for welfare.

GS 1: Indian Society GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: Economy GS1: Poverty and Developmental Issues GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Vulnerable Sections GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

In a Goa nightclub & beyond, migrants are invisible, Pg11

Migrant workers' vulnerabilities exposed by Goa nightclub fire, highlighting invisibility, informality, and institutional fragmentation, demanding urgent national-state compact for welfare.

GS 3: Economy GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development GS3: IT and Computers

Tata, Intel sign deal to explore chip packaging in India, Pg14

Tata and Intel collaborate to boost semiconductor manufacturing and AI PC solutions in India, targeting a top-five global market position by 2030.

GS 3: Economy GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development GS3: IT and Computers

Tata, Intel sign deal to explore chip packaging in India, Pg14

Tata and Intel collaborate to boost semiconductor manufacturing and AI PC solutions in India, targeting a top-five global market position by 2030.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & Technology GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Communication Networks, Media and Social Media Challenges

Why EU's $140 million fine on X has ignited a political storm, Pg14

EU fines X $140M under DSA sparking US political storm over censorship and tech company targeting.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Governance GS 3: Science & Technology GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Communication Networks, Media and Social Media Challenges

News Analysis

Democracy’s paradox, the chosen people of the state, Pg8

Democracy’s paradox, the chosen people of the state, Pg8

The real story of the India-Russia summit, Pg8

The real story of the India-Russia summit, Pg8

A new step in the dragon-elephant tango, Pg9

A new step in the dragon-elephant tango, Pg9

AI could widen the inequalities in Asia Pacific, Pg9

AI could widen the inequalities in Asia Pacific, Pg9

How can India benefit from neurotechnology?, Pg10

How can India benefit from neurotechnology?, Pg10

What is the India Post’s DHRUVA framework?, Pg10

What is the India Post’s DHRUVA framework?, Pg10

Share of population that faced income inequality in 2023, Pg10

Share of population that faced income inequality in 2023, Pg10

Bias against OBCs must be counted as caste discrimination, panel urges UGC, Pg13

Bias against OBCs must be counted as caste discrimination, panel urges UGC, Pg13

Australia’s New South Wales varsity to open campus in Bengaluru, Pg14

Australia’s New South Wales varsity to open campus in Bengaluru, Pg14

‘Fire count gives a skewed picture of stubble burning’, Pg14

‘Fire count gives a skewed picture of stubble burning’, Pg14

Zelenskyy meets European partners, seeks convergence with U.S. on truce, Pg16

Zelenskyy meets European partners, seeks convergence with U.S. on truce, Pg16

Fossils, genomes provide conflicting data in debate on mosquitoes’ origins, PgII

Fossils, genomes provide conflicting data in debate on mosquitoes’ origins, PgII

How new DGCA rules put human limits at centre of air safety, PgII

How new DGCA rules put human limits at centre of air safety, PgII

CAQM seeks to cut coal industrial fuel usage, Pg4

CAQM seeks to cut coal industrial fuel usage, Pg4

Delays, paper leaks: NTA doesn't inspire confidence, says House panel, Pg6

Delays, paper leaks: NTA doesn't inspire confidence, says House panel, Pg6

National security cess: RS Opp MPs seek clarity on allocation to states, Pg7

National security cess: RS Opp MPs seek clarity on allocation to states, Pg7

Submit updated constitutions in 30 days: EC to parties, Pg7

Submit updated constitutions in 30 days: EC to parties, Pg7

To fulfil STEM potential, India must cast the net wider, go to the roots, Pg10

To fulfil STEM potential, India must cast the net wider, go to the roots, Pg10

Food inflation dips but that isn't enough, Pg10

Food inflation dips but that isn't enough, Pg10

A defence partnership that addresses global challenges, Pg10

A defence partnership that addresses global challenges, Pg10

In power sector, more players is the answer, not bailouts, Pg11

In power sector, more players is the answer, not bailouts, Pg11

In a Goa nightclub & beyond, migrants are invisible, Pg11

In a Goa nightclub & beyond, migrants are invisible, Pg11

Tata, Intel sign deal to explore chip packaging in India, Pg14

Tata, Intel sign deal to explore chip packaging in India, Pg14

Why EU's $140 million fine on X has ignited a political storm, Pg14

Why EU's $140 million fine on X has ignited a political storm, Pg14

ITR forms to be notified prior to FY28: Govt, Pg14

ITR forms to be notified prior to FY28: Govt, Pg14

RBI's USD/INR swap auction of $5 bn on Dec 16, Pg14

RBI's USD/INR swap auction of $5 bn on Dec 16, Pg14

Lessons from Beijing in clearing Delhi's air, Pg15

Lessons from Beijing in clearing Delhi's air, Pg15

Why UN halved its emergency aid budget, Pg15

Why UN halved its emergency aid budget, Pg15

The radar system in latest China-Japan row, Pg15

The radar system in latest China-Japan row, Pg15

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