GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal MechanismsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal MechanismsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesHave ‘exclusive’ power to decide how and when to hold SIR, EC tells Supreme Court, Pg1EC asserts exclusive authority over electoral roll revisions, opposing court directives for regular Special Intensive Revisions nationwide.GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal MechanismsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal MechanismsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesHave ‘exclusive’ power to decide how and when to hold SIR, EC tells Supreme Court, Pg1EC asserts exclusive authority over electoral roll revisions, opposing court directives for regular Special Intensive Revisions nationwide.
GS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Vulnerable SectionsDespite law, strength of disabled Union govt. staff not rising: data, Pg9Despite 2016 Act mandating 4% quota, disabled employees remain at 1.15% in Union government jobs as of January 2022.GS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Vulnerable SectionsDespite law, strength of disabled Union govt. staff not rising: data, Pg9Despite 2016 Act mandating 4% quota, disabled employees remain at 1.15% in Union government jobs as of January 2022.
GS 2: PolityGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernanceGS 1: Indian GeographyGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Environmental Impact AssessmentGS 2: PolityGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernanceGS 1: Indian GeographyGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Environmental Impact AssessmentConfusion over clearances for Great Nicobar project persists, Pg9Great Nicobar project faces scrutiny as Tribal Affairs Ministry questions FRA compliance, contradicting earlier claims amid High Court challenges.GS 2: PolityGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernanceGS 1: Indian GeographyGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Environmental Impact AssessmentGS 2: PolityGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernanceGS 1: Indian GeographyGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Environmental Impact AssessmentConfusion over clearances for Great Nicobar project persists, Pg9Great Nicobar project faces scrutiny as Tribal Affairs Ministry questions FRA compliance, contradicting earlier claims amid High Court challenges.
GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Space TechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Space TechnologyRed planet blues, Pg11Perseverance rover discovers mudstones with carbon, ferrous phosphate, and sulphide minerals in Mars's Jezero Crater, hinting at potential past life.GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Space TechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Space TechnologyRed planet blues, Pg11Perseverance rover discovers mudstones with carbon, ferrous phosphate, and sulphide minerals in Mars's Jezero Crater, hinting at potential past life.
GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday LifeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday LifeMachine-learning algorithms underestimate self-harm risk, Pg11Machine learning algorithms fail to accurately predict self-harm risk; misclassifying over 50% at risk, needs-based assessments recommended.GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday LifeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday LifeMachine-learning algorithms underestimate self-harm risk, Pg11Machine learning algorithms fail to accurately predict self-harm risk; misclassifying over 50% at risk, needs-based assessments recommended.
GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyRoots of low milk production glimpsed, Pg11RNA sequencing reveals PLIN4 gene linked to low milk production, offering potential targets for breastfeeding interventions and improved infant nutrition.GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyRoots of low milk production glimpsed, Pg11RNA sequencing reveals PLIN4 gene linked to low milk production, offering potential targets for breastfeeding interventions and improved infant nutrition.
GS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Health Sector‘Patient perceptions drive frivolous antibiotic use in India’, Pg11Study reveals patient perceptions drive antibiotic overuse in India, highlighting the know-do gap among healthcare providers in Karnataka and Bihar.GS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Health Sector‘Patient perceptions drive frivolous antibiotic use in India’, Pg11Study reveals patient perceptions drive antibiotic overuse in India, highlighting the know-do gap among healthcare providers in Karnataka and Bihar.
GS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 1: Indian GeographyPrelimsGS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and FaunaGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 1: Indian GeographyPrelimsGS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and FaunaGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationFiji ant numbers plunged after humans came, Pg11Fiji's endemic ant species decline by 79% post-human arrival 3,000 years ago due to habitat destruction and invasive species.GS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 1: Indian GeographyPrelimsGS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and FaunaGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 1: Indian GeographyPrelimsGS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and FaunaGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationFiji ant numbers plunged after humans came, Pg11Fiji's endemic ant species decline by 79% post-human arrival 3,000 years ago due to habitat destruction and invasive species.
GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyHIV strains in India resist some broadly neutralising antibodies, Pg11Indian HIV strains exhibit resistance to certain broadly neutralizing antibodies, necessitating region-specific prevention strategies and novel antibody cocktails for effective treatment.GS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyGS 3: Science & TechnologyGS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Health SectorGS3: BiotechnologyHIV strains in India resist some broadly neutralising antibodies, Pg11Indian HIV strains exhibit resistance to certain broadly neutralizing antibodies, necessitating region-specific prevention strategies and novel antibody cocktails for effective treatment.
GS 2: International RelationsGS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian SocietyGS2: India and its Neighbourhood RelationsGS 2: International RelationsGS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian SocietyGS2: India and its Neighbourhood RelationsHow has Gen Z forced changes in Nepal?, Pg 12.The September 2025 Gen Z-led protests in Nepal, triggered by a social media ban, escalated into a nationwide uprising, forcing the resignation of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli and the appointment of former Chief Justice Sushila Karki as interim Prime Minister.GS 2: International RelationsGS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian SocietyGS2: India and its Neighbourhood RelationsGS 2: International RelationsGS1: Effects of Globalization on Indian SocietyGS2: India and its Neighbourhood RelationsHow has Gen Z forced changes in Nepal?, Pg 12.The September 2025 Gen Z-led protests in Nepal, triggered by a social media ban, escalated into a nationwide uprising, forcing the resignation of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli and the appointment of former Chief Justice Sushila Karki as interim Prime Minister.
GS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Health SectorGS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Health SectorWhat has WHO highlighted on mental health?, Pg 12.The WHO’s reports World Mental Health Today and Mental Health Atlas 2024 reveal that over 1 billion people live with mental health disorders, underscoring human, social, and economic costs, and highlighting gaps in global mental health systems.GS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Health SectorGS 2: Social JusticeGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Health SectorWhat has WHO highlighted on mental health?, Pg 12.The WHO’s reports World Mental Health Today and Mental Health Atlas 2024 reveal that over 1 billion people live with mental health disorders, underscoring human, social, and economic costs, and highlighting gaps in global mental health systems.
GS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsWhat are Foreigners Tribunals’ new powers?, Pg 12.The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has notified Rules, Order, and Exemption Order under the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, repealing older legislations to create a consolidated immigration law framework.GS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsWhat are Foreigners Tribunals’ new powers?, Pg 12.The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has notified Rules, Order, and Exemption Order under the Immigration and Foreigners Act, 2025, repealing older legislations to create a consolidated immigration law framework.
GS 2: International RelationsGS 2: PolityGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Important International Institutions, Agencies and ForaGS 2: International RelationsGS 2: PolityGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Important International Institutions, Agencies and ForaUN overwhelmingly backs two-state solution to Israel-Palestinian conflict, Pg II.UN overwhelmingly backs two-state solution, urging Israel to commit to a Palestinian state amid Netanyahu's opposition and escalating conflict.GS 2: International RelationsGS 2: PolityGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Important International Institutions, Agencies and ForaGS 2: International RelationsGS 2: PolityGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Important International Institutions, Agencies and ForaUN overwhelmingly backs two-state solution to Israel-Palestinian conflict, Pg II.UN overwhelmingly backs two-state solution, urging Israel to commit to a Palestinian state amid Netanyahu's opposition and escalating conflict.
GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyOn Govt table: How to help exporters not lose market share due to 50% US tariff, Pg 2.Government considers measures for exporters facing 50% US tariffs; CBIC clarifies GST rules on post-sale discounts.GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyOn Govt table: How to help exporters not lose market share due to 50% US tariff, Pg 2.Government considers measures for exporters facing 50% US tariffs; CBIC clarifies GST rules on post-sale discounts.
GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernanceGS 2: International RelationsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernanceGS 2: International RelationsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyMarket share, Pg 2.India strategizes to retain market share amid US tariff hikes; considers reviving Interest Equalisation Scheme and boosting domestic sales.GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernanceGS 2: International RelationsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernanceGS 2: International RelationsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Effects of Liberalization on the EconomyMarket share, Pg 2.India strategizes to retain market share amid US tariff hikes; considers reviving Interest Equalisation Scheme and boosting domestic sales.
GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Government BudgetingGS3: Technology Missions in AgricultureGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Government BudgetingGS3: Technology Missions in AgricultureFiscal first-half end nears, 6 agri schemes announced in Budget yet to hit ground, Pg 5.Budgeted agricultural schemes worth ₹2,200 crore delayed, raising concerns over fund utilization and impacting 1.7 crore farmers.GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Government BudgetingGS3: Technology Missions in AgricultureGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectorsGS3: Government BudgetingGS3: Technology Missions in AgricultureFiscal first-half end nears, 6 agri schemes announced in Budget yet to hit ground, Pg 5.Budgeted agricultural schemes worth ₹2,200 crore delayed, raising concerns over fund utilization and impacting 1.7 crore farmers.
GS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal StructureGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS3: Disaster and Disaster ManagementGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal StructureGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS3: Disaster and Disaster ManagementKerala Cabinet nod to draft Bill allowing killing of wild animals that attack people, Pg 7.Kerala approves Bill to kill wild animals attacking humans, relocate Schedule II species, and declare wild boar as vermin.GS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal StructureGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS3: Disaster and Disaster ManagementGS 3: Environment & EcologyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal StructureGS3: Conservation, Pollution and DegradationGS3: Disaster and Disaster ManagementKerala Cabinet nod to draft Bill allowing killing of wild animals that attack people, Pg 7.Kerala approves Bill to kill wild animals attacking humans, relocate Schedule II species, and declare wild boar as vermin.
GS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesWaqf Act 2025 SC to pronounce interim order on September 15, Pg 5.Supreme Court to issue interim order on Waqf Act 2025 validity, focusing on property de-notification powers on September 15.GS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesGS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Structure and Functioning of Executive and JudiciaryGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial BodiesWaqf Act 2025 SC to pronounce interim order on September 15, Pg 5.Supreme Court to issue interim order on Waqf Act 2025 validity, focusing on property de-notification powers on September 15.
GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesEC tells SC it has complete discretion over policy of electoral roll revision, Pg 7.EC asserts exclusive authority over electoral roll revisions in SC, opposing mandatory regular Special Intensive Revisions nationwide.GS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS 2: PolityPrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's ActGS2: Constitutional BodiesEC tells SC it has complete discretion over policy of electoral roll revision, Pg 7.EC asserts exclusive authority over electoral roll revisions in SC, opposing mandatory regular Special Intensive Revisions nationwide.
GS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Parliament and State LegislaturesGS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Parliament and State LegislaturesOm Birla moots national legislative index based on performance, Pg 8.Lok Sabha Speaker proposes national legislative index to rank Assemblies/Councils based on performance metrics, including sittings, productivity, debate quality, and technology adoption.GS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Parliament and State LegislaturesGS 2: PolityGS 2: GovernanceGS2: Parliament and State LegislaturesOm Birla moots national legislative index based on performance, Pg 8.Lok Sabha Speaker proposes national legislative index to rank Assemblies/Councils based on performance metrics, including sittings, productivity, debate quality, and technology adoption.
GS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Internal SecurityGS 2: GovernanceGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and SecularismGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of ExtremismGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Internal SecurityGS 2: GovernanceGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and SecularismGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of ExtremismDisplaced people struggle for land rights amid anti-Maoist ops in Chhattisgarh, Pg 9.Chhattisgarh's anti-Maoist operations displace thousands of tribals, land rights remain elusive in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, activists seek rehabilitation.GS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Internal SecurityGS 2: GovernanceGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and SecularismGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of ExtremismGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: Social JusticeGS 3: Internal SecurityGS 2: GovernanceGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and SecularismGS2: Constitutional BodiesGS2: Vulnerable SectionsGS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of ExtremismDisplaced people struggle for land rights amid anti-Maoist ops in Chhattisgarh, Pg 9.Chhattisgarh's anti-Maoist operations displace thousands of tribals, land rights remain elusive in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, activists seek rehabilitation.
GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and AccountabilityGS3: Government BudgetingGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and AccountabilityGS3: Government BudgetingCBIC clarifies GST levy on post-sale discounts, to help reduce disputes, Pg 12.CBIC clarifies GST levy on post-sale discounts, ensuring no tax on discounts for competitive pricing, reducing disputes and providing clarity.GS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and AccountabilityGS3: Government BudgetingGS 3: EconomyGS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and AccountabilityGS3: Government BudgetingCBIC clarifies GST levy on post-sale discounts, to help reduce disputes, Pg 12.CBIC clarifies GST levy on post-sale discounts, ensuring no tax on discounts for competitive pricing, reducing disputes and providing clarity.
GS 2: International RelationsGS 3: EconomyGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS 2: International RelationsGS 3: EconomyGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.US seeks G7 action against Russian oil buyers to force an end to Ukraine war, Pg 12.US pressures G7 to sanction Russian oil buyers like India and China amidst tariff hikes and geopolitical tensions.GS 2: International RelationsGS 3: EconomyGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS 2: International RelationsGS 3: EconomyGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and AgreementsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's InterestsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.US seeks G7 action against Russian oil buyers to force an end to Ukraine war, Pg 12.US pressures G7 to sanction Russian oil buyers like India and China amidst tariff hikes and geopolitical tensions.
GS 3: EconomyGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: GovernanceGS3: Inclusive GrowthGS1: Population and Associated IssuesGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and EmploymentGS 3: EconomyGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: GovernanceGS3: Inclusive GrowthGS1: Population and Associated IssuesGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and EmploymentNepal, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka: When demographic dividend isn't delivered, Pg 12.Asian nations face youth unrest as corruption and jobless growth hinder demographic dividend realization, fueling inequality and disillusionment among young workforce.GS 3: EconomyGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: GovernanceGS3: Inclusive GrowthGS1: Population and Associated IssuesGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and EmploymentGS 3: EconomyGS 1: Indian SocietyGS 2: GovernanceGS3: Inclusive GrowthGS1: Population and Associated IssuesGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and EmploymentNepal, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka: When demographic dividend isn't delivered, Pg 12.Asian nations face youth unrest as corruption and jobless growth hinder demographic dividend realization, fueling inequality and disillusionment among young workforce.
