UPSC Current Affairs 25 September 2025

GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and Secularism GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels GS3: Communication Networks, Media and Social Media Challenges

Leh protest turns deadly; Ministry blames activist, Pg1

Leh protest turns deadly amid demands for statehood and tribal status; MHA blames activist for inciting violence.

GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS1: Social Empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism and Secularism GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels GS3: Communication Networks, Media and Social Media Challenges

Leh protest turns deadly; Ministry blames activist, Pg1

Leh protest turns deadly amid demands for statehood and tribal status; MHA blames activist for inciting violence.

GS 1: Indian Society GS 2: International RelationsPrelims

Golden feats, Pg10

Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati crowned best footballers at Ballon d'Or 2024-25, marking career highs and sustained excellence.

GS 1: Indian Society GS 2: International RelationsPrelims

Golden feats, Pg10

Ousmane Dembele and Aitana Bonmati crowned best footballers at Ballon d'Or 2024-25, marking career highs and sustained excellence.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Vulnerable Sections GS2: Health Sector

Just a pinch can reduce an Indian’s salt overload, Pg10

India confronts high salt consumption crisis; calls for multi-pronged strategy including public awareness, labeling, and integration with health programs.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social Justice GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Vulnerable Sections GS2: Health Sector

Just a pinch can reduce an Indian’s salt overload, Pg10

India confronts high salt consumption crisis; calls for multi-pronged strategy including public awareness, labeling, and integration with health programs.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS4: Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding

India’s muted voice, its detachment with Palestine, Pg10

India's shifting stance on Palestine: From historical support to muted voice amid recent conflict raises concerns about ethical foreign policy.

GS 2: International Relations GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS4: Ethical Issues in International Relations and Funding

India’s muted voice, its detachment with Palestine, Pg10

India's shifting stance on Palestine: From historical support to muted voice amid recent conflict raises concerns about ethical foreign policy.

GS 2: International RelationsPrelimsGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests

Mixed signals, Pg10

India-U.S. relations navigate mixed signals amidst trade talks, visa fee hikes, and differing views on geopolitical issues.

GS 2: International RelationsPrelimsGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests

Mixed signals, Pg10

India-U.S. relations navigate mixed signals amidst trade talks, visa fee hikes, and differing views on geopolitical issues.

GS 3: Disaster Management GS 1: Indian Geography GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: Governance GS1: Urbanization, Problems and Remedies GS1: Important Geophysical Phenomena like Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity and Cyclones GS3: Disaster and Disaster Management

Follow the rains, not the calendar, to fight floods, Pg11

Indian cities grapple with increasing urban floods due to climate change and outdated infrastructure planning, reveals CEEW analysis.

GS 3: Disaster Management GS 1: Indian Geography GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: Governance GS1: Urbanization, Problems and Remedies GS1: Important Geophysical Phenomena like Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity and Cyclones GS3: Disaster and Disaster Management

Follow the rains, not the calendar, to fight floods, Pg11

Indian cities grapple with increasing urban floods due to climate change and outdated infrastructure planning, reveals CEEW analysis.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS2: Indian Diaspora

The $100k visa fee raises new hurdles for Indian students eyeing U.S. jobs, Pg11

U.S. $100,000 H-1B visa fee threatens Indian students' American dream, impacting STEM graduates and U.S. economy.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS2: Indian Diaspora

The $100k visa fee raises new hurdles for Indian students eyeing U.S. jobs, Pg11

U.S. $100,000 H-1B visa fee threatens Indian students' American dream, impacting STEM graduates and U.S. economy.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Social JusticeEthicsPrelimsGS1: Women and Women's Organizations GS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal Mechanisms GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Intellectual Property Rights, IPR

How are courts protecting personality rights?, Pg12

Indian courts increasingly protect celebrity personality rights against misuse, balancing free speech with individual dignity in the digital age.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: Social JusticeEthicsPrelimsGS1: Women and Women's Organizations GS2: Separation of Powers and Dispute Redressal Mechanisms GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Intellectual Property Rights, IPR

How are courts protecting personality rights?, Pg12

Indian courts increasingly protect celebrity personality rights against misuse, balancing free speech with individual dignity in the digital age.

GS 3: Internal Security GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS3: Role of External State and Non State Actors GS3: Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism

NIA books Pannun over his call to stop Modi from hoisting flag, Pg14

NIA files case against Gurpatwant Singh Pannun for inciting Sikh soldiers and offering ₹11-crore to disrupt flag hoisting.

GS 3: Internal Security GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS3: Role of External State and Non State Actors GS3: Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism

NIA books Pannun over his call to stop Modi from hoisting flag, Pg14

NIA files case against Gurpatwant Singh Pannun for inciting Sikh soldiers and offering ₹11-crore to disrupt flag hoisting.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's Act GS2: E Governance

EC launches e-sign feature for addition, deletion, and correction of voter names, Pg15

Election Commission introduces Aadhaar-linked e-sign for voter registration, deletion, and correction to curb fraudulent activities and enhance electoral integrity.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's Act GS2: E Governance

EC launches e-sign feature for addition, deletion, and correction of voter names, Pg15

Election Commission introduces Aadhaar-linked e-sign for voter registration, deletion, and correction to curb fraudulent activities and enhance electoral integrity.

GS 2: Social Justice GS 2: Governance GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector

Centre clears scheme to add medical seats across country, Pg16

Cabinet approves ₹15,034.5 crore scheme to add 5,000 PG and 5,023 UG medical seats by 2029, boosting healthcare access.

GS 2: Social Justice GS 2: Governance GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector

Centre clears scheme to add medical seats across country, Pg16

Cabinet approves ₹15,034.5 crore scheme to add 5,000 PG and 5,023 UG medical seats by 2029, boosting healthcare access.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Centre extends General Anil Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg16

General Anil Chauhan's tenure as CDS extended until May 2026, reinforcing India's military leadership continuity and strategic planning.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Centre extends General Anil Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg16

General Anil Chauhan's tenure as CDS extended until May 2026, reinforcing India's military leadership continuity and strategic planning.

GS 3: Economy GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: Environment & EcologyPrelimsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Will AI fix India’s energy demand or will its own needs snowball?, PgII

AI's energy demands in India could surge to 4.5 GW by 2030, posing grid challenges despite efficiency gains.

GS 3: Economy GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: Environment & EcologyPrelimsGS3: Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Will AI fix India’s energy demand or will its own needs snowball?, PgII

AI's energy demands in India could surge to 4.5 GW by 2030, posing grid challenges despite efficiency gains.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS3: Food Processing and Related Industries GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Biotechnology

Scientists can tune the flavour of chocolates by tweaking microbes, PgII

Scientists discover how to fine-tune chocolate flavour by manipulating microbes during cocoa bean fermentation, paving way for controlled flavour profiles.

GS 3: Science & Technology GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS3: Food Processing and Related Industries GS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Biotechnology

Scientists can tune the flavour of chocolates by tweaking microbes, PgII

Scientists discover how to fine-tune chocolate flavour by manipulating microbes during cocoa bean fermentation, paving way for controlled flavour profiles.

GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal Security GS1: Post Independence Consolidation and Reorganization GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism

4 killed in police firing in Leh as statehood protest turns violent, Pg 1.

Leh protests turn deadly: Four killed in police firing amid statehood and Sixth Schedule demands, BJP office torched.

GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal Security GS1: Post Independence Consolidation and Reorganization GS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS3: Linkages between Development and Spread of Extremism

4 killed in police firing in Leh as statehood protest turns violent, Pg 1.

Leh protests turn deadly: Four killed in police firing amid statehood and Sixth Schedule demands, BJP office torched.

GS 2: Governance GS 1: Indian SocietyPrelimsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

Disquiet in film board: 'Censorship raj', no meeting in 6 years, no reports, term lapsed, Pg 3.

CBFC faces internal revolt over alleged censorship, lack of transparency, and procedural lapses, impacting filmmakers and artistic freedom.

GS 2: Governance GS 1: Indian SocietyPrelimsGS2: Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi Judicial Bodies GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Important Aspects of Governance, Transparency and Accountability

Disquiet in film board: 'Censorship raj', no meeting in 6 years, no reports, term lapsed, Pg 3.

CBFC faces internal revolt over alleged censorship, lack of transparency, and procedural lapses, impacting filmmakers and artistic freedom.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Cloud seeding trials likely in Oct-Nov, Pg 5.

Delhi government plans cloud seeding trials in October-November to combat winter pollution after DGCA clearance, using silver iodide.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS3: Science and Technology in Everyday Life GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Cloud seeding trials likely in Oct-Nov, Pg 5.

Delhi government plans cloud seeding trials in October-November to combat winter pollution after DGCA clearance, using silver iodide.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's Act GS2: Constitutional Bodies

Unlike in Bihar, poll panel plans to meet parties before pan-India SIR, Pg 10.

Election Commission plans nationwide electoral roll revision, consulting parties unlike Bihar's SIR, facing legal challenges over citizenship verification.

GS 2: Polity GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Representation of the People's Act GS2: Constitutional Bodies

Unlike in Bihar, poll panel plans to meet parties before pan-India SIR, Pg 10.

Election Commission plans nationwide electoral roll revision, consulting parties unlike Bihar's SIR, facing legal challenges over citizenship verification.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS2: Role of Civil Services in a Democracy GS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Govt extends Gen Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg 12.

General Anil Chauhan's tenure as CDS extended till May 2026, continuing leadership in military affairs and theatre command reforms.

GS 2: Polity GS 3: Internal SecurityPrelimsGS2: Role of Civil Services in a Democracy GS3: Security Forces and Agencies and their Mandate

Govt extends Gen Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg 12.

General Anil Chauhan's tenure as CDS extended till May 2026, continuing leadership in military affairs and theatre command reforms.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: International RelationsPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Ahead of COP30 Brazil, India to release its climate action plan, Pg 12.

India to unveil enhanced climate action plan (NDC) at COP30, focusing on emission intensity and renewable energy targets.

GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 2: International RelationsPrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS3: Conservation, Pollution and Degradation

Ahead of COP30 Brazil, India to release its climate action plan, Pg 12.

India to unveil enhanced climate action plan (NDC) at COP30, focusing on emission intensity and renewable energy targets.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector

Cabinet clears move to add over 10,000 MBBS, PG seats, Pg 12.

Cabinet approves ₹15,034 crore plan to add 5,023 MBBS and 5,000 PG seats in government medical colleges.

GS 2: Governance GS 2: Social JusticePrelimsGS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors GS2: Health Sector

Cabinet clears move to add over 10,000 MBBS, PG seats, Pg 12.

Cabinet approves ₹15,034 crore plan to add 5,023 MBBS and 5,000 PG seats in government medical colleges.

GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: E Governance GS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Effects of Liberalization on the Economy

Swipe, tap, spend, Pg 13.

UPI transactions surge, equalling 40% of India's private consumption, signalling a shift from cash-based economy.

GS 3: EconomyPrelimsGS2: E Governance GS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Effects of Liberalization on the Economy

Swipe, tap, spend, Pg 13.

UPI transactions surge, equalling 40% of India's private consumption, signalling a shift from cash-based economy.

GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors

LADAKH PROTESTS: DEMAND FOR STATEHOOD, SIXTH SCHEDULE INCLUSION, Pg 20.

Ladakh protests intensify, demanding statehood and Sixth Schedule inclusion amidst Centre's reluctance and Sonam Wangchuk's activism.

GS 2: Polity GS 1: Post-Independence India GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Union State Relations and Federal Structure GS2: Devolution of Powers and Finances up to Local Levels GS2: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors

LADAKH PROTESTS: DEMAND FOR STATEHOOD, SIXTH SCHEDULE INCLUSION, Pg 20.

Ladakh protests intensify, demanding statehood and Sixth Schedule inclusion amidst Centre's reluctance and Sonam Wangchuk's activism.

GS 1: Physical Geography GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Disaster ManagementPrelimsGS1: Important Geophysical Phenomena like Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity and Cyclones GS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and Fauna

Wind speeds of 280 kmph: What made Super Typhoon Ragasa so intense?, Pg 22.

Super Typhoon Ragasa devastates Hong Kong and Southern China with record-breaking 280 kmph winds, displacing millions and causing widespread damage.

GS 1: Physical Geography GS 3: Environment & Ecology GS 3: Disaster ManagementPrelimsGS1: Important Geophysical Phenomena like Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic Activity and Cyclones GS1: Changes in Critical Geographical Features, Water Bodies, Ice Caps, Flora and Fauna

Wind speeds of 280 kmph: What made Super Typhoon Ragasa so intense?, Pg 22.

Super Typhoon Ragasa devastates Hong Kong and Southern China with record-breaking 280 kmph winds, displacing millions and causing widespread damage.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Government Budgeting

GST reform to boost consumption: RBI article, Pg 19.

RBI forecasts GST reforms to lower retail prices and boost consumption, potentially adding 0.2-0.3% to GDP.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS3: Indian Economy, Planning, Mobilization of Resources, Growth, Development and Employment GS3: Government Budgeting

GST reform to boost consumption: RBI article, Pg 19.

RBI forecasts GST reforms to lower retail prices and boost consumption, potentially adding 0.2-0.3% to GDP.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS2: Education Sector GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

K visa: Why this could be China's answer to Trump's war on H-1B, Pg 19.

China's K visa program strategically targets global STEM talent amid US H-1B visa restrictions, aiming to bolster its tech dominance.

GS 2: International Relations GS 3: Science & TechnologyPrelimsGS2: Education Sector GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Indigenization of Technology and New Technology Development

K visa: Why this could be China's answer to Trump's war on H-1B, Pg 19.

China's K visa program strategically targets global STEM talent amid US H-1B visa restrictions, aiming to bolster its tech dominance.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth

Govt restricts imports of certain silver jewellery to curb 'misuse' of FTAs, Pg 21.

Government restricts silver jewellery imports to prevent FTA misuse amid surging prices and protect domestic manufacturers' interests.

GS 3: Economy GS 2: GovernancePrelimsGS2: Bilateral, Regional and Global Groupings and Agreements GS2: Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India's Interests GS3: Changes in Industrial Policy and Effects on Industrial Growth

News Analysis

Leh protest turns deadly; Ministry blames activist, Pg1

Leh protest turns deadly; Ministry blames activist, Pg1

Golden feats, Pg10

Golden feats, Pg10

Just a pinch can reduce an Indian’s salt overload, Pg10

Just a pinch can reduce an Indian’s salt overload, Pg10

India’s muted voice, its detachment with Palestine, Pg10

India’s muted voice, its detachment with Palestine, Pg10

Mixed signals, Pg10

Mixed signals, Pg10

Follow the rains, not the calendar, to fight floods, Pg11

Follow the rains, not the calendar, to fight floods, Pg11

The $100k visa fee raises new hurdles for Indian students eyeing U.S. jobs, Pg11

The $100k visa fee raises new hurdles for Indian students eyeing U.S. jobs, Pg11

How are courts protecting personality rights?, Pg12

How are courts protecting personality rights?, Pg12

NIA books Pannun over his call to stop Modi from hoisting flag, Pg14

NIA books Pannun over his call to stop Modi from hoisting flag, Pg14

EC launches e-sign feature for addition, deletion, and correction of voter names, Pg15

EC launches e-sign feature for addition, deletion, and correction of voter names, Pg15

Centre clears scheme to add medical seats across country, Pg16

Centre clears scheme to add medical seats across country, Pg16

Centre extends General Anil Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg16

Centre extends General Anil Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg16

Will AI fix India’s energy demand or will its own needs snowball?, PgII

Will AI fix India’s energy demand or will its own needs snowball?, PgII

Scientists can tune the flavour of chocolates by tweaking microbes, PgII

Scientists can tune the flavour of chocolates by tweaking microbes, PgII

4 killed in police firing in Leh as statehood protest turns violent, Pg 1.

4 killed in police firing in Leh as statehood protest turns violent, Pg 1.

Disquiet in film board: 'Censorship raj', no meeting in 6 years, no reports, term lapsed, Pg 3.

Disquiet in film board: 'Censorship raj', no meeting in 6 years, no reports, term lapsed, Pg 3.

Cloud seeding trials likely in Oct-Nov, Pg 5.

Cloud seeding trials likely in Oct-Nov, Pg 5.

Unlike in Bihar, poll panel plans to meet parties before pan-India SIR, Pg 10.

Unlike in Bihar, poll panel plans to meet parties before pan-India SIR, Pg 10.

Govt extends Gen Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg 12.

Govt extends Gen Chauhan’s tenure as CDS, Pg 12.

Ahead of COP30 Brazil, India to release its climate action plan, Pg 12.

Ahead of COP30 Brazil, India to release its climate action plan, Pg 12.

Cabinet clears move to add over 10,000 MBBS, PG seats, Pg 12.

Cabinet clears move to add over 10,000 MBBS, PG seats, Pg 12.

Swipe, tap, spend, Pg 13.

Swipe, tap, spend, Pg 13.

LADAKH PROTESTS: DEMAND FOR STATEHOOD, SIXTH SCHEDULE INCLUSION, Pg 20.

LADAKH PROTESTS: DEMAND FOR STATEHOOD, SIXTH SCHEDULE INCLUSION, Pg 20.

Wind speeds of 280 kmph: What made Super Typhoon Ragasa so intense?, Pg 22.

Wind speeds of 280 kmph: What made Super Typhoon Ragasa so intense?, Pg 22.

GST reform to boost consumption: RBI article, Pg 19.

GST reform to boost consumption: RBI article, Pg 19.

K visa: Why this could be China's answer to Trump's war on H-1B, Pg 19.

K visa: Why this could be China's answer to Trump's war on H-1B, Pg 19.

Govt restricts imports of certain silver jewellery to curb 'misuse' of FTAs, Pg 21.

Govt restricts imports of certain silver jewellery to curb 'misuse' of FTAs, Pg 21.

Choice or duty: Experts want govt survey to check on women's unpaid care work

Choice or duty: Experts want govt survey to check on women's unpaid care work

GSTAT launched, to begin hearings from Dec, Pg 21.

GSTAT launched, to begin hearings from Dec, Pg 21.

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