Subject: Physical Geography

The Deccan Trap, one of the largest volcanic provinces globally formed during the late Cretaceous period, houses significant natural resource potential crucial for India's economic development.

Mineral Resources

• The region is rich in basaltic rocks which are extensively used in construction and road building activities.
• Presence of valuable minerals like bauxite (aluminum ore), iron ore, and smaller deposits of copper and manganese contribute to industrial development.
• Zeolites, formed due to hydrothermal alterations, have applications in water purification and catalytic processes.

Geothermal Energy Potential

• Recent studies (2023-2025) indicate significant geothermal energy reserves evidenced by hot springs in:
  • Sativli, Mandangad, and Aravali regions of Maharashtra.
  • Anjaneri and Rajapur areas.
• The residual heat from ancient volcanic activity presents opportunities for sustainable energy generation.
• Research organizations are exploring similar potential in Puga-Chumathang-Panamik (Ladakh) and Tattapani (Central India) regions.

Water Resources

• The basaltic formations act as excellent aquifers, crucial for:
  • Groundwater storage and transmission.
  • Agricultural sustainability.
  • Urban water supply.
• Water occurrence patterns:
  • Phreatic conditions in weathered zones.
  • Semi-confined conditions in fissures and fractures.
  • Yields ranging from 1-100 m³/day.

Land Use Potential

• Analysis between 2000-2013 shows dynamic changes:
  • Increase in built-up areas from 31,317 sq km to 52,338 sq km.
  • Growth in barren and fallow lands.
  • Decline in forest cover and scrubland.

The Deccan Trap's diverse resource potential, from mineral wealth to geothermal energy, positions it as a crucial region for India's sustainable development goals. However, balanced exploitation through initiatives like the National Mineral Policy and National Groundwater Management Programme is essential for long-term sustainability.